JSON 与 XML 之间的转换是否有严格的规则

JSON（JavaScript Object Notation）和XML（eXtensible Markup Language）是两种常用的数据交换格式，它们在互联网应用中起到了重要的作用。虽然JSON和XML之间存在转换的需求，但并没有严格的规则来规定这个转换过程。转换的具体实现方式取决于开发人员的需求和技术选择。

python
import json
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
def json_to_xml(json_data, root=None):
    if root is None:
        root = ET.Element('root')
    
    if isinstance(json_data, dict):
        for key, value in json_data.items():
            child = ET.Element(key)
            root.append(child)
            json_to_xml(value, child)
    elif isinstance(json_data, list):
        for item in json_data:
            child = ET.Element('item')
            root.append(child)
            json_to_xml(item, child)
    else:
        root.text = str(json_data)
    
    return root
json_data = {
    'name': 'John',
    'age': 30,
    'address': {
        'street': '123 Main St',
        'city': 'New York'
    },
    'friends': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']
}
xml_root = json_to_xml(json_data)
xml_str = ET.tostring(xml_root, encoding='utf-8').decode('utf-8')
print(xml_str)

python
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
import json
def xml_to_json(xml_str):
    root = ET.fromstring(xml_str)
    json_data = {}
    
    for child in root:
        if len(child) > 0:
            json_data[child.tag] = xml_to_json(ET.tostring(child, encoding='utf-8').decode('utf-8'))
        else:
            json_data[child.tag] = child.text
    
    return json_data
xml_str = '''
    John
    30
    
        123 Main St
        New York
    
    
        Alice
        Bob
        Charlie
    
'''
json_data = xml_to_json(xml_str)
json_str = json.dumps(json_data)
print(json_str)