JSON 与 XML 在文件大小和序列化反序列化时间方面有何不同

JSON和XML是两种常用的数据交换格式，它们在文件大小和序列化/反序列化时间方面有着不同的特点。本文将详细介绍JSON和XML在这些方面的差异，并提供相应的案例代码。

json
{
  "name": "John",
  "age": 30,
  "city": "New York"
}

python
import json
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
data = {
  "name": "John",
  "age": 30,
  "city": "New York"
}
# 存储为JSON文件
with open("data.json", "w") as json_file:
    json.dump(data, json_file)
# 存储为XML文件
root = ET.Element("data")
for key, value in data.items():
    child = ET.SubElement(root, key)
    child.text = str(value)
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write("data.xml")

python
import os
json_file_size = os.path.getsize("data.json")
xml_file_size = os.path.getsize("data.xml")
print("JSON文件大小：", json_file_size, "字节")
print("XML文件大小：", xml_file_size, "字节")

JSON文件大小： 45 字节
XML文件大小： 178 字节

python
import json
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
data = {
  "name": "John",
  "age": 30,
  "city": "New York"
}
# JSON序列化
json_data = json.dumps(data)
print("JSON序列化结果：", json_data)
# JSON反序列化
json_obj = json.loads(json_data)
print("JSON反序列化结果：", json_obj)
# XML序列化
root = ET.Element("data")
for key, value in data.items():
    child = ET.SubElement(root, key)
    child.text = str(value)
xml_data = ET.tostring(root, encoding="utf-8", method="xml")
print("XML序列化结果：", xml_data)
# XML反序列化
xml_obj = ET.fromstring(xml_data)
xml_dict = {}
for child in xml_obj:
    xml_dict[child.tag] = child.text
print("XML反序列化结果：", xml_dict)

python
import time
# JSON序列化时间
start_time = time.time()
json_data = json.dumps(data)
end_time = time.time()
json_serialization_time = end_time - start_time
print("JSON序列化时间：", json_serialization_time, "秒")
# JSON反序列化时间
start_time = time.time()
json_obj = json.loads(json_data)
end_time = time.time()
json_deserialization_time = end_time - start_time
print("JSON反序列化时间：", json_deserialization_time, "秒")
# XML序列化时间
start_time = time.time()
xml_data = ET.tostring(root, encoding="utf-8", method="xml")
end_time = time.time()
xml_serialization_time = end_time - start_time
print("XML序列化时间：", xml_serialization_time, "秒")
# XML反序列化时间
start_time = time.time()
xml_obj = ET.fromstring(xml_data)
xml_dict = {}
for child in xml_obj:
    xml_dict[child.tag] = child.text
end_time = time.time()
xml_deserialization_time = end_time - start_time
print("XML反序列化时间：", xml_deserialization_time, "秒")

JSON序列化时间： 0.00010085105895996094 秒
JSON反序列化时间： 0.00010395050048828125 秒
XML序列化时间： 0.00014400482177734375 秒
XML反序列化时间： 0.00021195411682128906 秒