【解决方案1】：

这个答案是假设我正确理解你。在此示例中，我在TableView 上使用了FilteredList，并根据按下的Button 使用FilteredList's Predicate 来显示TableView 中的数据。我更改了here 的答案。

KeyCode 1

此代码允许TableView 在CheckBox 值更改时更新。

todoItem ->  new Observable[] { todoItem.completeProperty()}

键码 2

此代码允许FilteredList 根据按下的Button 设置TableView's 数据。

flToDoItems.setPredicate((todoItem) -> {
    return todoItem.getComplete();
});

主要

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.util.Arrays;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.Observable;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;
import javafx.collections.ObservableList;
import javafx.collections.transformation.FilteredList;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.TableColumn;
import javafx.scene.control.TableView;
import javafx.scene.control.cell.CheckBoxTableCell;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class App extends Application
{
    final TableView<ToDoItem> selectionTableView = new TableView<>();
    private final ObservableList<ToDoItem> toDoItems = FXCollections.observableList(
            Arrays.asList(
                    new ToDoItem("Task 1", "This is Task 1", LocalDate.now().plusMonths(1)),
                    new ToDoItem("Task 2", "This is Task 2", LocalDate.now().plusMonths(2)),
                    new ToDoItem("Task 3", "This is Task 3", LocalDate.now().plusMonths(3)),
                    new ToDoItem("Task 4", "This is Task 4", LocalDate.now().plusMonths(4)),
                    new ToDoItem("Task 5", "This is Task 5", LocalDate.now().plusMonths(5))
            ),
            todoItem ->  new Observable[] { todoItem.completeProperty()}//This is needed for automatic updates in the TableView!!!!
    );
    final FilteredList<ToDoItem> flToDoItems = new FilteredList(toDoItems, p -> true);
    
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        launch();
    }
        
    @Override
    public void start(Stage stage)
    {
        final TableView<ToDoItem> todoListSelectionTableView = createTodoListSelectionTableView();
        todoListSelectionTableView.setItems(flToDoItems);
        
        Button btnAllTasks = new Button("All");
        btnAllTasks.setOnAction((t) -> {
            flToDoItems.setPredicate((todoItem) -> {
                return true;
            });
        });
        Button btnCompleteTasks = new Button("Complete");
        btnCompleteTasks.setOnAction((t) -> {
            flToDoItems.setPredicate((todoItem) -> {
                return todoItem.getComplete();
            });
        });
        Button btnIncompleteTask = new Button("Incomplete");        
        btnIncompleteTask.setOnAction((t) -> {
            flToDoItems.setPredicate((todoItem) -> {
                return !todoItem.getComplete();
            });
        });
        
        VBox root = new VBox(new HBox(btnAllTasks, btnIncompleteTask, btnCompleteTasks), todoListSelectionTableView);
       
        Scene scene = new Scene(root, 500, 500);
        stage.setScene(scene);
        stage.show();
    }
    
    
    
    private TableView<ToDoItem> createTodoListSelectionTableView() {
        
        selectionTableView.setPrefSize(440, 180);

        TableColumn<ToDoItem, String> shortDescriptionColumn = new TableColumn<>("Short Description");
        shortDescriptionColumn.setCellValueFactory(cd -> cd.getValue().shortDescriptionProperty());
        selectionTableView.getColumns().add(shortDescriptionColumn);

        TableColumn<ToDoItem, String> detailsColumn = new TableColumn<>("Details");
        detailsColumn.setCellValueFactory(cd -> cd.getValue().detailsProperty());
        selectionTableView.getColumns().add(detailsColumn);

        TableColumn<ToDoItem, LocalDate> deadlineColumn = new TableColumn<>("Deadline");
        deadlineColumn.setCellValueFactory(cd -> cd.getValue().deadlineProperty());        
        selectionTableView.getColumns().add(deadlineColumn);

        TableColumn<ToDoItem, Boolean> completeColumn = new TableColumn<>("Complete");
        completeColumn.setCellValueFactory(cd -> cd.getValue().completeProperty());
        completeColumn.setCellFactory(CheckBoxTableCell.forTableColumn(completeColumn));
        selectionTableView.getColumns().add(completeColumn);

        selectionTableView.setEditable(true);
        
        return selectionTableView;
    }
}

待办事项

import java.time.LocalDate;
import javafx.beans.property.BooleanProperty;
import javafx.beans.property.ObjectProperty;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleBooleanProperty;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleObjectProperty;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleStringProperty;
import javafx.beans.property.StringProperty;

public class ToDoItem {
    private final StringProperty shortDescription;
    private final StringProperty details;
    private final ObjectProperty<LocalDate> deadline;
    private final BooleanProperty complete;
    
    public ToDoItem(String shortDescription, String details, LocalDate deadline) {
        this.shortDescription = new SimpleStringProperty(shortDescription);
        this.details = new SimpleStringProperty(details);
        this.deadline = new SimpleObjectProperty(deadline);
        this.complete = new SimpleBooleanProperty(false);
}

    public String getShortDescription() {
        return shortDescription.get();
    }

    public void setShortDescription(String shortDescription) {
        this.shortDescription.set(shortDescription);
    }
    
    public StringProperty shortDescriptionProperty()
    {
        return this.shortDescription;
    }

    public String getDetails() {
        return details.get();
    }

    public void setDetails(String details) {
        this.details.set(details);
    }

    public StringProperty detailsProperty()
    {
        return this.details;
    }
    
    public LocalDate getDeadline() {
        return deadline.get();
    }

    public void setDeadline(LocalDate deadline) {
        this.deadline.set(deadline);
    }

    public ObjectProperty<LocalDate> deadlineProperty()
    {
        return this.deadline;
    }
    
    public void setComplete(boolean complete)
    {
        this.complete.set(complete);
    }
    
    public boolean getComplete()
    {
        return this.complete.get();
    }
    
    public BooleanProperty completeProperty()
    {
        return this.complete;
    }
}

输出

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